The Bread of the Presence in the Sanctuary:
Christ, the Bread of Life
Exodus 25:23-30, 37:10-16 and Leviticus 24: 5-9
The bread of the Presence in the sanctuary: Christ, the bread of life DIG: What did that table of pure gold with the twelve loaves of bread say about God’s relationship with His people? What was the bread of the Presence? What did it represent? Why was it perpetual?
REFLECT: How does this table for God compare to the one where you worship? How is your fellowship with God today? Is there anything, or anyone, in your life right now that is separating you from Him? What do you think God wants you to do about it?
To enter the Holy Place, the priest had to come through the gate before he faced the bronze altar. There he had been reminded of the necessity of the shed blood of the sacrifice for his sin. From there, he passed by the bronze basin, where he washed his hands and feet from the defilement of the desert sands before he dared enter the presence of God. This cleansing reminded him again that before he could hold communion and fellowship with ADONAI, his daily sins had to be confessed and put away by faith. That cleansing being accomplished, the priest entered through the beautiful hanging fine twisted linen of the outer veil, embroidered in blue, purple and scarlet.
Once inside the Holy Place, the priest saw the beauty of gold, the fine linen embroidered in figures of cherubim above and on the inner veil, and the three pieces of furniture. He would see the table of bread of the Presence on his right, just opposite the golden lampstand on his left, with the altar of incense in front of him. The table of bread of the Presence, along with all the other six pieces of furniture, was merely a shadow of good things to come in Jesus Christ (Hebrews 10:1 NKJ).
The fellowship and communion of God with His people, foreshadowed by the bread of the Presence, was fulfilled in Jesus Christ. God has always sought the fellowship of his children. In the Garden of Eden, before sin entered to mar ADONAI’s perfect creation, He talked with Adam who was made in His likeness. But sin entered the world and distanced man from his Creator. It caused him to run away from God in fear, hiding himself among the trees of the Garden; for the one in sin cannot enter into the presence of a holy God. Adam proved this by his actions. There was no common ground for fellowship. That had been forfeited. Unless something changed, he would have no communion with God.
This is still the picture of a godless world – running away from God, and having no desire for fellowship or communion with Him. But not so with the Church, or the bride of Christ. Once, it was dead in transgressions and sins, in time past following the ways of this world and the ruler of the kingdom of the air, Satan himself, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. But now the Church has been brought near through the blood of Christ (Ephesians 2:1-2, 13). No longer afraid of God, the bride, bought with His precious blood, finds joy and fellowship in communion with Him before the table that He Himself has prepared, Christ, the bread of life (John 6:35).582
It is of this fellowship and communion between Jesus Christ and the Church that the bread of the Presence speaks; for the priests, as we have already seen, were typical of the believer-priests today, members of the bride and body of Christ (First Peter 2:9; Hebrews 13:15; Romans 12:1-2; Revelation 1:5-6). The bread of the Presence literally means the bread of the face, and simply means bread that was in the presence of God.
Now if we turn to the Holy Spirit’s description of the table and its bread, we find some striking and significant details that unmistakably remind us of our Lord. The table was to be made of acacia wood, pointing to the humanity of Jesus – two cubits, or three feet long, a cubit, one foot, six inches wide and the four legs were a cubit and a half, or two feet, three inches high. It was to be overlaid with pure gold, foreshadowing the deity of Christ, with a pure gold rim a handbreadth, or hand width about three inches, around it to keep the bread from falling off (25:23-25, 37:10-12). There are several similarities between the table and the Ark of the Covenant just a few feet away. They were both the same height, the only pieces of furniture that were so. They were both made of acacia wood and covered with pure gold. And they both had something placed upon them; the ark, the mercy seat, and the table, twelve loaves of bread. These points emphasize that Jesus Christ is the basis for all communication with God.583
Fine flour was used to bake the twelve loaves of bread (Leviticus 24:5a). The Hebrew word challah used here for loaves, indicates that the bread was pierced. This was not uncommon among some ancient nations. Or more likely, as is often the case with bakers of today, they would pierce the bread to allow steam to escape more easily from it. As a result, these twelve loaves were not wafer thin like Oriental bread, but much thicker.584 The fact that the loaves were pierced, points to Christ. He cried out from the cross: They have pierced My hands and My feet. I can count all My bones; people stare and gloat over Me. They divide My garments among them and cast lots for My clothing (Psalm 22:16b-18). And in Isaiah the prophet says that He was pierced for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment the brought us peace was upon Him, and by His wounds we are healed (Isaiah 53:5).
Two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour was used in the baking of each loaf. They were apparently of considerable size based upon the recipe given here.585 The number twelve symbolized the participation of all the tribes of Isra’el – but only by proxy, since no one outside the priestly order was permitted to eat the bread of the Presence except in cases of extreme need (First Samuel 21:1-6; Matthew 12:4; Mark 2:26; Luke 6:4).586 Every Sabbath day twelve fresh loaves of bread, representing the twelve tribes of Isra’el, were to be set on the table in two rows, six in each row, as a lasting covenant. On each Sabbath the priests put some pure incense in one of the golden bowls and burned it as an offering made to ADONAI by fire. Those loaves were then food for the priests. Aaron and his sons were to only eat it within the Holy Place, because it was the most holy part of their regular share of the offerings (Exodus 25:30; Leviticus 24:5b-9).
Like the Ark of the Covenant, the table was to be carried by poles. Obviously, the purpose of the poles was similar as well – so that no human hand would touch the sacred furniture and thus defile it. That purpose was highlighted by the fact that the command for constructing the rings and poles for the table is described in almost the same exact terms as the command to make the ark. But there is one important difference. The poles of the table were not set permanently in the rings, as was the case for the ark. The table of bread of the Presence was clearly holy, but it did not possess the same level of holiness as the ark, which was most holy.587 Four gold rings were to be made for the table and they were to be fastened to the four corners, where the four legs were. The rings were to be close to the rim to hold the poles used in carrying the table. The poles were to be made of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, so the table could be carried with them on their wilderness wanderings on the shoulders of the priests (25:25-28, 37:12-15).
The table was the place of fellowship. The bread of the Presence, along with its drink offerings, point to communion between God and His people. Its plates and dishes, that carried the bread, were also to be made of pure gold, as well as its pitchers and bowls for the pouring out of drink offerings (25:29, 37:16). The bread and wine, located just outside the Most Holy Place, were a continual reminder of the covenant that a holy God, who was located behind the curtain just a few feet away, had made with His people.588
The significance of the bread of the Presence is to picture Jesus Christ as the bread of life (see the commentary on The Life of Christ, to see link click Fr – Jesus the Bread of Life). We have seen by the express command of ADONAI, that it was set continually before His Presence. He looked upon it with satisfaction, because it pointed to His one and only Son who sustains us in our new life and satisfies our hungry souls, and fills us with the joy of His never-failing Presence. Christ said: I tell you the truth, it is not Moses who has given you the bread from heaven, but it is My Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world. I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me will never go hungry (John 6:32-35a). Therefore, the fellowship, which was broken by sin, has now been restored between the Presence and His believing people. How wonderful that we can have fellowship with the King of Kings, the Lord of Lords, the Sovereign of the universe, because all who love God and feed on Yeshua as their LORD-God calls His Children (John 1:12). God welcomes into His presence His children and robes them in the righteousness of His Son!
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